A hip fracture is a very serious injury that involves a break in the femur (thigh bone), close to the hip joint. Hip fractures can occur from a variety of traumatic injuries like falls, or accidents. If bones are too brittle, due to conditions like osteoporosis, then the risk of sustaining a hip fracture is increased.
There are two main types of hip fractures:
- Intracapsular Fractures: These fractures occur within the ball-and-socket joint of the hip. The fracture is located either at the top of the femur (femoral neck fracture) or just below the femoral neck (intertrochanteric fracture). These fractures can disrupt blood supply to the femoral head, which may lead to further complications.
- Extracapsular Fractures: These fractures occur outside the hip joint capsule. The fracture is typically in the area below the trochanters, which are bony prominences on the femur. Subtrochanteric fractures and intertrochanteric fractures are examples of extracapsular fractures.
Hip fractures can cause significant pain, immobility, and a loss of independence. Here are some common symptoms & symptoms of hip fractures:
- Severe Pain: Individuals with a hip fracture experience intense pain in the hip area & may not be able to bear weight on the affected leg.
- Limited Mobility: Fractures can make it extremely difficult to move or walk. Many people with hip fractures need assistance even for basic activities like standing or sitting.
- Leg Shortening or Rotation: The affected leg may appear shorter or turned outward compared to the other leg.
- Swelling & Bruising: Swelling & bruising around the hip & upper thigh are common after a hip fracture.
- Potential Surgery: Most hip fractures require surgical intervention to stabilize the bone fragments. Surgical options may include the placement of screws, rods, plates, or even a total hip replacement in some cases.
- Risk of Complications: Hip fractures in older adults can lead to complications such as pneumonia, blood clots, pressure ulcers, & muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility.
Recovery from a hip fracture can be challenging and often involves a comprehensive approach including surgery, rehabilitation, pain management, and addressing underlying factors like bone density to prevent future fractures. Prevention strategies, such as maintaining bone health through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and fall prevention measures, can help reduce the risk of hip fractures, especially in older individuals.
